Under Appendix II, species can only be traded if the exporting nation considers the trade to be what?

The correct response is based on the principles established in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Under this framework, species listed in Appendix II are those that may not necessarily be threatened with extinction but could become so unless international trade is closely regulated.

For a trade to be permitted, the exporting nation must evaluate and affirm that the trade is non-detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild. This means that the export must not adversely impact the species' population or ecosystem. This assessment is crucial to maintaining the balance between the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of species.

In contrast, other options like detrimental or advantageous do not align with the cautious and conservation-focused approach mandated by CITES. Limitations on viability or concerns about extinction, while significant, do not directly reflect the regulation of trade as specified under Appendix II, which emphasizes a non-detrimental impact.