Which clauses are identified as placing limitations on state regulatory authority over wildlife?

The correct answer highlights that the Equal Protection and the Privileges and Immunities Clauses are significant in limiting state regulatory authority over wildlife. The Equal Protection Clause requires that states treat individuals in similar situations equally, which can impact wildlife regulations by preventing discriminatory practices in how wildlife laws are applied to different groups. The Privileges and Immunities Clause further restricts states from discriminating against non-residents or treating residents of other states unfairly in terms of access to resources, including wildlife.

These clauses play a crucial role in ensuring that states cannot adopt overly restrictive or discriminatory wildlife laws that unfairly impact certain individuals or groups, thereby maintaining a level of consistency and fairness across states. This legal framework helps modulate the balance of power between state regulatory autonomy and individual rights, especially in the context of natural resources and wildlife management.

The other options do not specifically target the limitation of state authority concerning wildlife, making them less relevant in this context.