Which of the following provides guidelines for federal agencies' environmental reviews?

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is essential in establishing a framework for federal agencies to follow when assessing the environmental impact of their proposed actions. Enacted in 1969, NEPA requires federal agencies to evaluate the potential environmental effects of their decisions, ensure public participation, and disclose information about environmental consequences.

Under NEPA, federal agencies must prepare environmental assessments (EAs) and environmental impact statements (EISs) for projects that may significantly affect the environment. This process not only promotes transparency and accountability but also encourages agencies to consider non-environmental factors in their decision-making.

While other guidelines and policies may contribute to environmental practices, NEPA stands out as the foundational legislation governing the environmental review processes for federal actions. It explicitly mandates the assessment of environmental impacts, making it the primary authority on the matter.